Ubuntu is published by Canonical Ltd, who offer commercial support. It is based on free software and named after the Southern African philosophy of ubuntu literally, human ness, which Canonical Ltd. I am what I am because of who we all are. Ubuntu is the most popular operating system running in hosted environments, socalled clouds,5 as it is the most popular server Linux distribution. Development of Ubuntu is led by UK based Canonical Ltd., a company founded by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth. Canonical generates revenue through the sale of technical support and other services related to Ubuntu. The Ubuntu project is publicly committed to the principles of open source software development people are encouraged to use free software, study how it works, improve upon it, and distribute it. History and development processeditUbuntu is built on Debians architecture and infrastructure, and comprises Linux server, desktop and discontinued phone and tablet operating system versions. Ubuntu releases updated versions predictably every six months,3 and each release receives free support for nine months eighteen months prior to 1. Ubuntu How To Update Video Drivers' title='Ubuntu How To Update Video Drivers' />The first release was in October 2. Starting with Ubuntu 6. LTS. 3 Long term support includes updates for new hardware, security patches and updates to the Ubuntu stack cloud computing infrastructure. The first LTS releases were supported for three years on the desktop and five years on the server since Ubuntu 1. LTS, desktop support for LTS releases was increased to five years as well. LTS releases get regular point releases with support for new hardware and integration of all the updates published in that series to date. Ubuntu packages are based on packages from Debians unstable branch. Both distributions use Debians debpackage format and package management tools e. APT and Ubuntu Software. Debian and Ubuntu packages are not necessarily binary compatible with each other, however packages may need to be rebuilt from source to be used in Ubuntu. Many Ubuntu developers are also maintainers of key packages within Debian. Ubuntu cooperates with Debian by pushing changes back to Debian,1. Ian Murdock, the founder of Debian, had expressed concern about Ubuntu packages potentially diverging too far from Debian to remain compatible. Before release, packages are imported from Debian unstable continuously and merged with Ubuntu specific modifications. One month before release, imports are frozen, and packagers then work to ensure that the frozen features interoperate well together. Ubuntu is currently funded by Canonical Ltd. On 8 July 2. 00. 5, Mark Shuttleworth and Canonical announced the creation of the Ubuntu Foundation and provided an initial funding of US1. The purpose of the foundation is to ensure the support and development for all future versions of Ubuntu. Mark Shuttleworth describes the foundation goal as to ensure the continuity of the Ubuntu project. Windows 8 Professional X64 Working Activators more. On 1. 2 March 2. 00. Ubuntu announced developer support for 3rd party cloud management platforms, such as those used at Amazon EC2. Since Ubuntu 1. 7. GNOME 3 is the default GUI for Ubuntu Desktop,2. Unity is still the default in older versions,2. LTS versions. However, a community driven fork of Unity 8, called Yunit, has been created to continue the development of Unity. Shuttleworth wrote on 8 April 2. We will invest in Ubuntu GNOME with the intent of delivering a fantastic all GNOME desktop. Were helping the Ubuntu GNOME team, not creating something different or competitive with that effort. While I am passionate about the design ideas in Unity, and hope GNOME may be more open to them now, I think we should respect the GNOME design leadership by delivering GNOME the way GNOME wants it delivered. Our role in that, as usual, will be to make sure that upgrades, integration, security, performance and the full experience are fantastic. Shuttleworth also mentioned that Canonical will cease development for Ubuntu Phone, Tablet, and convergence. FeatureseditA default installation of Ubuntu contains a wide range of software that includes Libre. Office, Firefox, Thunderbird, Transmission, and several lightweight games such as Sudoku and chess. Many additional software packages are accessible from the built in Ubuntu Software Center as well as any other APT based package management tools. Many additional software packages that are no longer installed by default, such as Evolution, GIMP, Pidgin, and Synaptic, are still accessible in the repositories, installable with the built in Ubuntu Software Center or by any other APT based package management tool and Snappy. Ubuntu operates under the GNU General Public License GPL and all of the application software installed by default is free software. In addition, Ubuntu installs some hardware drivers that are available only in binary format, but such packages are clearly marked in the restricted component. SecurityeditUbuntus goal is to be secure out of the box. By default, the users programs run with low privileges and cannot corrupt the operating system or other users files. For increased security, the sudo tool is used to assign temporary privileges for performing administrative tasks, which allows the root account to remain locked and helps prevent inexperienced users from inadvertently making catastrophic system changes or opening security holes. Policy. Kit is also being widely implemented into the desktop. Most network ports are closed by default to prevent hacking. A built in firewall allows end users who install network servers to control access. A GUI GUI for Uncomplicated Firewall is available to configure it. Ubuntu compiles its packages using GCC features such as PIE and buffer overflow protection to harden its software. These extra features greatly increase security at the performance expense of 1 in 3. Ubuntu also supports full disk encryption3. Private directories. Installationedit. Ubuntu running on the Nexus S, a smartphone that ran Android prior to Ubuntu. The system requirements vary among Ubuntu products. For the Ubuntu desktop release 1. LTS, a PC with at least 2 GHz dual core processor, 2 GB of RAM and 2.